The present study was carried out on 16 animals (12 cattle and 4 buffaloes) suffering from complete cervical esophageal obstruction. The animals were presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Assiut University, Egypt. Diagnosis of the cases was achieved through clinical signs, external palpation of the foreign body and survey radiography. Standing position esophagotomy was performed for treatment of the cases. Follow up revealed recovery of all cases without any postoperative complications.

Obesity constitutes a health problem due to its increasing worldwide prevalence. Among the health detriments caused by obesity, reproduction is disrupted. Some studies have shown a relationship between obesity and infertility, but until now it remains controversial. The objective of the current work was to examine the effect of diet-induced obesity on blood parameters, liver and kidney function tests, lipid profile and testicular oxidative stress. For that purpose, Male rats were fed ad libitum with a standard diet (control group; n.= 15) and high fat diet (HFD group; n.= 15) for 6 weeks. Hematological parameters, urea, creatinine, albumin were similar between the two groups. Intergroup testosterone levels were also comparable. The high fat diet induced significant increase in serum triglycerides, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. This diet also increases significantly alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and decreased total protein level and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. Furthermore, HFD showed a significant increasing in malondialdehyde contents in testes and decreasing in superoxide dismutase activity, the results of this study concluded that short-term high fat diet affect on liver enzymes and causing oxidative stress in testes.

The current study indicated that the complicated sequellae of traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP) in cattle could be efficiently diagnosed by using of ultrasonography and some other diagnostic tools. The affections in these cases included reticulum and spleen with extension to one or more of the other organs such as rumen and abomasum. This study included two groups of animals; one of them kept as a control one (n.=16) and the other was a diseased group (n.= 12). All animals were subjected to clinical examination, whole blood profiling, blood serum biochemical assay, radiography and ultrasonographic examination. Rumenotomy was carried out in some cases. The reticulum was mostly displaced in cases of complicated TRP by a distance of 3-6 cm. Sometimes, the reticulum was not displaced such as in case of diaphragmatic hernia. The reticular contractions in the complicated traumatic cows were either reduced to 2 or 1/3mins, or completely reduced to 0/3mins. Reticular abscess and peritoneal effusions were imaged in all these diseased cases. Here, Vagus indigestion syndrome and diaphragmatic hernia were successfully diagnosed by using of ultrasonography with the aid of radiography and rumenotomy. Ultrasonography was useful in imaging non metal objects (Ropes and plastic tubes) within the rumen especially in cases of severe ruminal distension.

This work was proposed to study pathologic characteristics of lumpy skin disease (LSD) among naturally infected cattle and to demonstrate LSDV antigen within different tissues including the skin nodules, regional lymph nodes, lung and liver using PCR and immunohistochemistry. Among the infected cattle, one dairy cattle and 5 calves were dead (mortality rate is 6.97%). The major gross alterations in all investigated cases included numerous 1-5 cm well circumscribed, round cutaneous nodules covered the whole body in most cases with severe enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. The main microscopical changes were severe ballooning degeneration of the epidermis, dermatitis, with severe vasculitis affecting the dermal blood vessels. Multiple intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions were present in degenerated epidermal cells. Several pathological changes were also detected in the liver, lung, kidney, intestine and lymph nodes. Strong positive PCR signals were appeared in skin nodules, lung and lymph node. Additionally, positive immunoperixodiase reaction was demonstrated in the skin, lung, kidney and lymph nodes. Furthermore, LSDV was isolated on chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) of spf embryonated chicken eggs from skin nodules and regional lymph nodes collected from dead animals. Virion particles were observed on CAM by electron microscope. Finally, it could be concluded that skin lesions is a constant lesion in both young and adult animals together with systemic infection in severely infected animals.

The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of antibodies against Chlamydia abortus in specialized dairy farms. A total of 608 blood samples were collected during 2012 from 24 dairy farms located in the Northern regions of the provinces of Alajuela (15) and Heredia (9), and surveys were carried out to determine management practices in these farms. Serum samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies against C. abortus (sensitivity 100.0%, specificity 99.7%). Only one serum yielded positive results (S/P 62 %), two sera weak positive results (S/P 51% and 52%, respectively), while the remaining sera (n=605) were negative in ELISA. Six months later, 22 animals that showed S/P values >22% in ELISA were analyzed again, yielding all negative results. Blood, milk, conjunctival and vulvar swabs from these animals were analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and only one vulvar swab tested positive for Chlamydia spp. The analysis of the management practices and results obtained with ELISA and PCR lead us to conclude that C. abortus is not significantly present (<0.5%) in dairy farms in the Northern regions of the provinces of Heredia and Alajuela in Costa Rica.

Serum biochemical and hematological reference values are used to establish normality and to diagnose disease and physiological alterations. Up till now there are no reference values for different blood biochemical and hematological variables in lactating pregnant buffaloes, consequently the current study considered the first one that established those values in lactating pregnant water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Animals were examined at buffalo farms that belong to Assiut Governorate, Egypt. A total of 148 pregnant lactating buffaloes (5-10 years old) were examined, of these, 20 buffaloes did not meet the selection criteria and excluded from study. The remained animals (N.=128) were clinically healthy and included in the study. A total of 55 hematological and serum biochemical variables were measured in blood of lactating buffaloes. Mean reference values, reference intervals (2.5 and 97.5 percentiles) and their 90% confidence intervals, for the measured hematological and serum biochemical constituents were statistically calculated. Data for the serum biochemical and hematological variables were presented in tables and compared with previously published data. The established reference values will be a useful guide for interpreting serum biochemical and hematologic data in lactating pregnant water buffaloes.